Pine Needle Scale
Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), Diaspididae, HEMIPTERA


DESCRIPTION

Adult -The female pine needle scale is 3 to 4 mm long and glossy white with light-yellow exuviae at one end. The male, about 1 mm long, is white and has light-yellow exuviae on one end. The male also has three ridges down the white part of the scale.

Egg-The mature egg is pinkish to reddish brown and oval.

Nymph-Newly hatched crawlers are reddish brown with black eyespots.


BIOLOGY

Distribution -The pine needle scale is evidently found on pines throughout the United States. .

Host Plants -Most pines as well as firs, spruces, deodar cedar, yew (Taxes), and Torreya are infested by the pine needle scale.

Damage -Pine needle scales are most damaging to ornamental pine plantings. Austrian and mugho pines may be so heavily infested that these shrubs become chlorotic and suffer premature needle drop.

Life History -Pine needle scales overwinter as eggs under the mother's armor. These eggs hatch in late spring. Tiny crawlers emerge from under the mother's armor and begin feeding on the needles. As they mature, the characteristic white, waxy armor is secreted in midsummer. Males emerge and mate with females. Another brood is produced in late July. There are two generations per year.


CONTROL

Pine needle scale is usually not considered an economic pest, although on specimen plants or nursery stock chemical control may be desired. The best time to treat is in May or late July when the crawlers are present. For specific chemical controls, see the current state extension service recommendations.

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